Zvinotyisa zvisingaonekwe, tsvaga mhondi isingaonekwe mumvura

Murindi Akangwara, Tsime reHupenyu

Nekukurumidza kwekukura kwemaindasitiri nekukura kwemaguta, kubudiswa kwetsvina kwakakonzera kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kunzvimbo dzemvura nezviwanikwa zvemvura. Mvura isina kugadziriswa kana kuti isina kugadziriswa zvakanaka, uye tsvina yemumba ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza, zvakaita sesimbi dzinorema, makemikari anosvibisa uye utachiona. Zvinhu izvi hazvingoparadzi chete kuenzana kwenzvimbo yemvura, zvichikonzera kupararira kwemvura uye kudzikira kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu, asi zvinotyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwemvura yekunwa, zvinokanganisa budiriro inoenderera mberi yekurima, hove nemaindasitiri, uye zvinowedzera mari yekutarisira nharaunda uye kugadzirisa nharaunda. Nokudaro, kusimbisa matanho ekutarisa nekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemvura kwakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura, kuchengetedza nharaunda uye kugadzikana kwenharaunda..

KUSHANDISA

01 Kutarisa hunhu hwemvura inoyerera

Nzvimbo yekubuditsa mvura ndiyo nzira yakananga iyo tsvina inopinda mumvura yechisikigo. Saka, kutarisa kwakasimba kwehunhu hwemvura panzvimbo yekubuditsa mvura inzira huru yekudzora kusvibiswa kwemvura uye kuona hunhu hwemvura iri pasi pemvura. Kutarisa nzvimbo yekubuditsa mvura kunowanzo tarisa nzvimbo dzinobuda mvura dzakadai senzvimbo dzekuchenesa tsvina mumaguta, nzvimbo dzinobuda mvura mumaindasitiri, nenzvimbo dzinobuda mvura. Kuburikidza nekutarisa nguva dzose kana nguva dzose, zvinokwanisika kuona kuti hunhu hwemvura inobuda mvura hunosangana nezvinodiwa nenyika kana zvemunharaunda, uye kuona nekukurumidza nekugadzirisa kubudiswa kwakawanda kwemvura.

• Kudiwa kweokisijeni yemakemikari (COD): chiratidzo chakakosha chekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvipenyu mumvura.
• Kudiwa kweokisijeni yemakemikari (BOD): kunoratidza huwandu hwezvinhu zvipenyu zvinoora mumvura.
• Ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N): Inoongorora huwandu hwemakemikari enitrogen mumvura. Huwandu hwakawandisa hunogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwemvura.
• Fosforasi yose (TP): Kufanana neammonia nitrogen, fosforasi yakawandisa inogonawo kukonzera kuzara kwemvura.
• Zvisimbiso Zvakanyungudutswa (SS): Zvinoratidza zvinhu zvakasimba zvisina kunyungudutswa mumvura, zvakaita sedhaka, zvidimbu zveorganic, nezvimwewo.
• pH kukosha: Inoyera pH yemvura. Yakakwira kana yakaderera zvakanyanya inokanganisa kurarama kwezvisikwa zvemumvura.
• Okisijeni Yakanyungudutswa (DO): Inokosha pakuchengetedza nharaunda dzemumvura, DO shoma inogona kukonzera kufa kwehove.

02. Kutarisa hunhu hwemvura kumusoro nepasi penzizi

Nzizi ndidzo dzinotakura mvura pamusoro pemvura, uye mamiriro emvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dziri kumusoro nedziri pasi anoratidza zvakananga mamiriro ekusvibiswa kwemvura mudhamu. Hunhu hwemvura iri kumusoro hunoratidza kuchengetedzeka kwemvura munzvimbo dziri pasi pedhamu; nepo hunhu hwemvura iri pasi hunoratidza zvakakwana huwandu hwekusvibiswa kwedhamu rese. Kuburikidza nekutarisa kwenguva refu kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dziri kumusoro nedziri pasi pedhamu, huwandu uye huwandu hwesimba renzvimbo dzekusvibiswa zvinogona kuongororwa, zvichipa hwaro hwesainzi hwekugadzira nzira dzekutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura zvine musoro uye dzekudzivirira.

• Zviyero zvemhando yemvura zvakajairika: zvinosanganisira pH, tembiricha, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, nezvimwewo. Zviyero izvi zvinogona kunzwisisa nekukurumidza hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari emumvura.
• Munyu une zvinovaka muviri: wakaita seammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), nitrate (NO₃), nitrite (NO₂), uye total phosphorus (TP), unoshandiswa kuongorora njodzi yekuwanda kwemvura.
• Zvinosvibisa zvipenyu: zvakaita sekudiwa kweokisijeni yemakemikari (COD) uye kudiwa kweokisijeni yemakemikari (BOD), zvinoshandiswa kuongorora huwandu hwekusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu.

03 Kutarisa hunhu hwemvura mudhamu nedziva

Madziva nemadhamu haasi chete nzvimbo dzakakosha dzemvura yakachena asiwo ndiwo manyuko makuru emvura yekunwa munzvimbo zhinji dzemaguta nemaruwa. Nekuti dzakavharwa zvishoma, kana dzasvibiswa, kupora kwacho kwakaoma. Nokudaro, kuteverwa kwenguva refu uye kutariswa kwehunhu hwemvura yenzvimbo idzi dzemvura kunodiwa, kunyanya kutarisisa nyaya dzakadai se eutrophication uye kusvibiswa kwesimbi ine simba. Pamusoro pezvo, hunhu hwemvura mumadziva nemadhamu hunochinja zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kana huchiderera, hunogona kukanganisa kwenguva refu nharaunda neutano hwevanhu.

• Munyu une zvinovaka muviri: wakaita seammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), nitrate (NO₃), nitrite (NO₂), uye total phosphorus (TP), unoshandiswa kuongorora njodzi yekuwanda kwemvura.
• Kujeka: Nekuyera kujeka kwemvura, kusvibiswa kwemvura uye huwandu hwealgae mumvura zvinogona kuongororwa zvisina kunanga.
• Okisijeni Yakanyungudutswa (DO): Yakakosha pakuchengetedza ecosystem yemumvura, kunyanya panguva yekudziya kwakanyanya muzhizha. Okisijeni yakanyungudutswa shoma inogona kukonzera kufa kwehove. pH kukosha: Inoyera pH yemvura. Yakakwira zvakanyanya kana yakaderera zvakanyanya inokanganisa kupona kwehupenyu hwemumvura.
• Zvinosvibisa zvipenyu: zvakaita sekudiwa kweokisijeni yemakemikari (COD) uye kudiwa kweokisijeni yemakemikari (BOD), zvinoshandiswa kuongorora huwandu hwekusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu.

04 Kutarisa hunhu hwemvura yepasi pevhu

Semvura yakakosha yakavanzwa, mvura yepasi pevhu inoita basa risingatsiviwi mukuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusangana nezvinodiwa nemvura yevanhu. Zvisinei, mvura yepasi pevhu inogona kusvibiswa nefetereza yekurima, kudonha kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, kudonha kwemvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri nezvimwe zvinhu. Nekuda kwekunonoka kwekuvandudzwa kwemvura yepasi pevhu, kana yasvibiswa, kudzoreredzwa kwayo kwakaoma zvikuru. Nokudaro, kutarisa kwenguva refu kwehunhu hwemvura yepasi pevhu kunogona kupa yambiro yekutanga yenjodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekusvibiswa uye kuchengetedza mvura iyi inokosha.

• Zviyero zvemhando yemvura: zvinosanganisira pH, conductivity, dissolving (DO), tembiricha, nezvimwewo, zvinoshandiswa kuongorora hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari emvura yepasi.
• Munyu une zvinovaka muviri: wakaita seammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), nitrate (NO₃), nitrite (NO₂), uye total phosphorus (TP), unoshandiswa kuongorora kana mvura yepasi yakasvibiswa nezvirimwa zvisina nzvimbo.
• Simbi dzinorema: dzakadai semutobvu, mercury, cadmium, chromium, nezvimwewo, kunyanya kunzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nemabasa emaindasitiri.
• Makomikari eorganic anoshanduka-shanduka (VOCs): akadai sebenzene, toluene, xylene, nezvimwewo, anowanzoonekwa pedyo nepetrochemical, magadzirirwo emagetsi nemamwe maindasitiri.
• Zvinhu zvinopisa zvishoma (SVOCs): Zvakadai sepolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nezvimwewo. Zvinhu izvi zvakagadzikana munharaunda uye zvakaoma kuzviparadza.

Kuunganidzwa uye kutapurirana

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuongorora kusvibiswa kwemvura kwakarurama uye kushanda panguva chaiyo, masensa emhando yemvura asina waya anofanira kuiswa. Mingkong inoshandisa masensa akanyatsojeka kuyera maparamita emhando yemvura (akadai seCOD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, nezvimwewo) akatenderedza nzvimbo yekubuda kana nzvimbo dziri kumusoro nedziri pasi perwizi. (simbi dzinorema, nezvimwewo), michina iyi inotsigira nzira nhatu dzekutaurirana dzeNetcom 4G kana NB kuti iwane data rekutarisa kune puratifomu yekutarisa kuburikidza nenetwork ye4G kana NB isina waya, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti puratifomu yekutarisa nevashandisi vefoni vanogona kuwana ruzivo rwemhando yemvura rwakarurama nenguva, kuti vatarisire zvakanaka uye vape hwaro hwakasimba hwekuita sarudzo.

Kukosha kwekuvaka

1. Iva nechokwadi chekuti mvura yakachengeteka

Kutarisa nguva chaiyo kwehunhu hwemvura inoyerera kunoita kuti mvura yekunwa igare yakachena, kunodzivirira hutano hwevanhu uye kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere.

2. Kurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza

Deredza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, vandudza kunaka kwemvura, chengetedza nharaunda dzemumvura, uye wedzera kunaka kwenharaunda yemumaguta.

3. Kuvandudza kugona kwekupindura panguva yekukurumidzira

Nyevero nekukurumidza nezvenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, ipa rutsigiro rwedata panguva chaiyo, uye batsira madhipatimendi akakodzera kutora matanho ekukurumidzira anoshanda nekukurumidza.

4. Kuvandudza nhanho yekutarisira maguta

Kutarisa zvine hungwaru kunobatsira kutonga kwakarurama, kunogadzirisa kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa, kunovandudza mashandiro ekutarisira, uye kunoderedza mari yekudzora kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Nyaya dzakapfuura

Chirongwa chekutarisa hunhu hwemvura yakasviba muzvipatara zvemumaguta
Chirongwa ichi chiri muYancheng City, Jiangsu Province. Chinonyanya kutarisa hunhu hwemvura yetsvina yemuchipatara. Mvura yetsvina yemuchipatara ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokuvadza (zvakaita semishonga, utachiona, nezvimwewo), zvichikonzera njodzi kunharaunda neutano hwevanhu. Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa kuburitswa kwemvura yetsvina muchipatara panguva chaiyo, kuona nekugadzirisa mamiriro asina kujairika nenguva, kuona kuratidzwa uye kuongororwa kwedata panguva chaiyo kuburikidza nepuratifomu yekutarisa, uye kutsigira kufanotaura mafambiro uye maalarm asina kujairika.

Tinotevedzera "nzira yehupenyu" yeguta uye tinoona kuti mvura yekunwa yakachengeteka kuburikidza nekutarisa hunhu hwemvura panguva chaiyo, uku tichideredza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, tichidzivirira nharaunda dzemumvura, uye tichikurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kutungamirirwa kwakangwara kwehurongwa hwekutarisa kunovandudza mashandiro ekutonga kwemaguta, kunogadzirisa kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa, kunosimudzira kugona kwekupindura nekukurumidza kune njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, kunosimudzira kugona kwemaguta kugadzikana, uye kuzadzisa zvirongwa zvenguva refu zvekusimudzira nharaunda.